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61.
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Spherical LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode particles were resynthesized by a carbonate co-precipitation method using spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) as a raw material. The physical characteristics of the Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3CO3 precursor, the (Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)3O4 intermediate, and the regenerated LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode material were investigated by laser particle-size analysis, scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), thermogravimetry–differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical performance of the regenerated LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 was studied by continuous charge–discharge cycling and cyclic voltammetry. The results indicate that the regenerated Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3CO3 precursor comprises uniform spherical particles with a narrow particle-size distribution. The regenerated LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 comprises spherical particles similar to those of the Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3CO3 precursor, but with a narrower particle-size distribution. Moreover, it has a well-ordered layered structure and a low degree of cation mixing. The regenerated LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 shows an initial discharge capacity of 163.5 mA h g?1 at 0.1 C, between 2.7 and 4.3 V; the discharge capacity at 1 C is 135.1 mA h g?1, and the capacity retention ratio is 94.1% after 50 cycles. Even at the high rate of 5 C, LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 delivers the high capacity of 112.6 mA h g?1. These results demonstrate that the electrochemical performance of the regenerated LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 is comparable to that of a cathode synthesized from fresh materials by carbonate co-precipitation. 相似文献
65.
Ziqian Wang Yalan Chen Yating He Weidong Jiang Yan Long Guangyin Fan 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(21):11587-11596
Developing high-efficiency and low-cost catalysts for hydrogen evolution from hydrolysis of ammonia borane (AB) is significant and critical for the exploitation and utilization of hydrogen energy. Herein, the in-situ fabrication of well-dispersed and small bimetallic RuNi alloy nanoparticles (NPs) with tuned compositions and concomitant hydrolysis of AB are successfully achieved by using graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as a NP support without additional stabilizing ligands. The optimized Ru1Ni7.5/g-C3N4 catalyst exhibits an excellent catalytic activity with a high turnover frequency of 901 min?1 and an activation energy of 28.46 kJ mol?1 without any base additives, overtaking the activities of many previously reported catalysts for AB hydrolysis. The kinetic studies indicate that the AB hydrolysis over Ru1Ni7.5/g-C3N4 is first-order and zero-order reactions with respect to the catalyst and AB concentrations, respectively. Ru1Ni7.5/g-C3N4 has a good recyclability with 46% of the initial catalytic activity retained even after five runs. The high performance of Ru1Ni7.5/g-C3N4 should be assigned to the small-sized alloy NPs with abundant accessible active sites and the synergistic effect between the composition-tuned Ru–Ni bimetals. This work highlights a potentially powerful and simple strategy for preparing highly active bimetallic alloy catalysts for AB hydrolysis to generate hydrogen. 相似文献
66.
Climate change raises many concerns for urban water management because of the effects on all aspects of the hydrological cycle. Urban water infrastructure has traditionally been designed using historical observations and assuming stationary climatic conditions. The capability of this infrastructure, whether for storm-water drainage, or water supply, may be over- or under-designed for future climatic conditions. In particular, changes in the frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall events will have the most acute effect on storm-water drainage systems. Therefore, it is necessary to take future climatic conditions into consideration in engineering designs in order to enhance water infrastructure investment planning practices in a long time horizon. This paper provides the initial results of a study that is examining ways to enhance urban infrastructure investment planning practices against changes in hydrologic regimes for a changing climate. Design storms and intensity-duration-frequency curves that are used in the engineering design of storm-water drainage systems are developed under future climatic conditions by empirically adjusting the general circulation model output, and using the Gumbel distribution and the Chicago method. Simulations are then performed on an existing storm-water drainage system from NE Calgary to investigate the resiliency of the system under climate change. 相似文献
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68.
宽带PON系统测试、设备进展和应用展望 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
宽带正成为国内外运营商战略和业务转型的基础.在国内,宽带已成为拉动固网运营商业务收入增长的主要动力.作为推动宽带业务发展的宽带接入技术正在不断发展和演进,特别是近两年新推出的宽带PON(无源光网络)技术由于带宽高、扩展性好、运维成本低等优点,正成为电信领域的热点.本文就主流宽带PON技术、系统测试、芯片和设备进展进行简要介绍,最后对其应用予以展望. 相似文献
69.
氧化钙固体碱催化剂用于大豆油和甲醇酯交换制备生物柴油的研究 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
对氧化钙固体碱催化剂用于甲醇和大豆油的酯交换反应制备生物柴油(脂肪酸甲酯)进行了研究,考察了醇油摩尔比、反应温度、催化剂用量等因素对生物柴油产率的影响,以及采用四氢呋喃等溶剂溶解产物中的甘油和脂肪酸甲酯以分离回收催化剂的方法。结果表明,在醇油摩尔比为12、反应温度为65℃、催化剂用量为8%、反应1.5h的条件下,生物柴油产率达到了95%以上。重复使用实验结果表明,CaO的催化活性比K2CO3/γ-Al2O3和KF/γ-Al2O3固体碱催化剂高,寿命更长,重复使用20次后催化效果无明显下降。 相似文献
70.